Cardiovascular Physiology 

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• 1. Preface

• 2. Copyright Information

• 3. Authors

• 4. Chapter 1_ Overview of the Cardiovascular System

• 5. Chapter 2_ Characteristics of Cardiac Muscle Cells

• 6. Chapter 3_ The Heart Pump

  How much blood the heart pumps for every square meter of surface area (cardiac index) varies with the age of the individual. For boys average cardiac index is increases in myocardial contractility max force of contraction Ventricular Electrocardiography, Chapter 4: The Electrical Forces of the Heart relationship between the isovolumic pressure line and cardiac cycle cardiovascular physiology energetics work pressure volume area

• 7. Chapter 4_ The Electrocardiogram

  net cardiac dipole and its component on the limb leads articles on relation between the electrocardiogram and cardiovascular physiology

• 8. Chapter 5_ Cardiac Abnormalities

  prolonged pr interval + differential diagnosis influence of cardiac filling on force production

• 9. Chapter 6_ The Peripheral Vascular System

• 10. Chapter 7_ Vascular Control

  simplified scheme of splanchnic vascular bed showing the parallel arrangement

• 11. Chapter 8_ Central Venous Pressure An Indicator of Circulatory Hemodynamics

• 12. Chapter 9_ Regulation of Arterial Pressure

  role of cardiovascular centers in regulation of heart rate Vasovagal syncope is a condition in which severe pain or fright activates the parasympathetic nervous system instead of the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in fainting. Keeping in mind that that parasympathetic system causes a response opposite to that of the sympathetic nervous system, briefly describe how BP, MAP and pulse might be effected. pain receptors involved in diving reflex below 10 degrees mammals respiration The dive reflex allows for prolonged submersion by limiting the rate of oxygen use and directing blood flow to the essential organs vasomotor centre and depressor centre involved in cushhing reflex integrate total recall,of stimulation,of regulation,of physical fitness of heart rate

• 13. Chapter 10_ Cardiovascular Responses to Physiological Stresses

  changes occur in the cardiovascular system shortly after changing posture from lying down to standing up why don t feet swell in the upright position During strenuous exercise, does contraction and relaxation of the skeletal muscle greatly improve venous return to the heart? total peripheral resistance is not the same as systemic vascular resistance how to compress calf muscles like soldiers do to prevent fainting when standing

• 14. Chapter 11_ Cardiovascular Function in Pathological Situations

• 15. Chapter 12_ Answers to Study Questions

• 16. Appendix A

• 17. Appendix B

• 18. Appendix C

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