Appendix: XML Escape Values

The following fives tables provide escape sequences from the ISO/IEC 10646 character set of common characters that may be used in XML and HTML. The tables are as follows:

• Table A-1: Latin ISO 1 Character Set The ASC II character set of letters and symbols

• Table A-2: Greek Characters Letters of the Greek alphabet

• Table A-3: Arrows Arrow symbols

• Table A-4: Mathematical Operators Common mathematical symbols

• Table A-5: Miscellaneous Symbols and Characters Other odd symbols and characters

Table A-1: Latin ISO 1 Character Set

Character	Numeric Character Reference	General Entity Escape Sequence	Description
	�		NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
				Horizontal tab
	
		Line feed
			NA
			NA
	
		Carriage return
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
			NA
	 		Space
!	!		Exclamation mark
"	"	"	Quotation mark
#	#		Number sign
$	$		Dollar sign
%	%		Percent sign
&	&	&	Ampersand
'	'		Apostrophe
(	(		Left parenthesis
)	)		Right parenthesis
*	*		Asterisk
+	+		Plus sign
,	,		Comma
-	-		Hyphen
.	.		Period
/	/		Slash
0	0		Number 0
1	1		Number 1
2	2		Number 2
3	3		Number 3
4	4		Number 4
5	5		Number 5
6	6		Number 6
7	7		Number 7
8	8		Number 8
9	9		Number 9
:	:		Colon
;	&#59;		Semicolon
<	&#60;	&lt;	Less than
=	&#61;		Equals sign
>	&#62;	&gt;	Greater than
?	&#63;		Question mark
@	&#64;		At symbol @
A	&#65;		Capital letter A
B	&#66;		Capital letter B
C	&#67;		Capital letter C
D	&#68;		Capital letter D
E	&#69;		Capital letter E
F	&#70;		Capital letter F
G	&#71;		Capital letter G
H	&#72;		Capital letter H
I	&#73;		Capital letter I
J	&#74;		Capital letter J
K	&#75;		Capital letter K
L	&#76;		Capital letter L
M	&#77;		Capital letter M
N	&#78;		Capital letter N
O	&#79;		Capital letter O
P	&#80;		Capital letter P
Q	&#81;		Capital letter Q
R	&#82;		Capital letter R
S	&#83;		Capital letter S
T	&#84;		Capital letter T
U	&#85;		Capital letter U
V	&#86;		Capital letter V
W	&#87;		Capital letter W
X	&#88;		Capital letter X
Y	&#89;		Capital letter Y
Z	&#90;		Capital letter Z
[	&#91;		Left square bracket
\	&#92;		Backslash
]	&#93;		Right square bracket
^	&#94;		Caret
_	&#95;		Underscore
`	&#96;		Acute accent
a	&#97;		Small letter a
b	&#98;		Small letter b
c	&#99;		Small letter c
d	&#100;		Small letter d
e	&#101;		Small letter e
f	&#102;		Small letter f
g	&#103;		Small letter g
h	&#104;		Small letter h
I	&#105;		Small letter i
j	&#106;		Small letter j
k	&#107;		Small letter k
l	&#108;		Small letter l
m	&#109;		Small letter m
n	&#110;		Small letter n
o	&#111;		Small letter o
p	&#112;		Small letter p
q	&#113;		Small letter q
r	&#114;		Small letter r
s	&#115;		Small letter s
t	&#116;		Small letter t
u	&#117;		Small letter u
v	&#118;		Small letter v
w	&#119;		Small letter w
x	&#120;		Small letter x
y	&#121;		Small letter y
z	&#122;		Small letter z
{	&#123;		Left curly brace
|	&#124;		Vertical bar
}	&#125;		Right curly brace
~	&#126;		Tilde
	&#127;		NA
	&#160;	&nbsp;	Nonbreaking space
¡	&#161;	&iexcl;	Inverted exclamation
¢	&#162;	&cent;	Cent sign
£	&#163;	&pound;	Pound sterling
¤	&#164;	&curren;	General currency sign
¥	&#165;	&yen;	Yen sign
¦	&#166;	&brvbar; or &brkbar;	Brokenverticalbar
§	&#167;	&sect;	Section sign
¨	&#168;	&uml; or &die;	Diæresis/Umlaut
©	&#169;	&copy;	Copyright
ª	&#170;	&ordf;	Feminine ordinal
«	&#171;	&laquo;	Leftanglequote,guillemotleft
¬	&#172;	&not	Not sign
	&#173;	&shy;	Soft hyphen
®	&#174;	&reg;	Registered trademark
¯	&#175;	&macr; or &hibar;	Macron accent
°	&#176;	&deg;	Degree sign
±	&#177;	&plusmn;	Plus or minus
²	&#178;	&sup2;	Superscript two
³	&#179;	&sup3;	Superscript three
´	&#180;	&acute;	Acute accent
µ	&#181;	&micro;	Micro sign
¶	&#182;	&para;	Paragraph sign
·	&#183;	&middot;	Middle dot
¸	&#184;	&cedil;	Cedilla
¹	&#185;	&sup1;	Superscript one
º	&#186;	&ordm;	Masculine ordinal
»	&#187;	&raquo;	Right angle quote, guillemot right
¼	&#188;	&frac14;	Fraction one-fourth
½	&#189;	&frac12;	Fraction one-half
¾	&#190;	&frac34;	Fraction three-fourths
¿	&#191;	&iquest;	Invertedquestionmark
À	&#192;	&Agrave;	Capital letter A, grave accent
Á	&#193;	&Aacute;	Capital letter A, acute accent
Â	&#194;	&Acirc;	Capital letter A, circumflex
Ã	&#195;	&Atilde;	Capital letter A, tilde
Ä	&#196;	&Auml;	Capital letter A, diæresis / umlaut
Å	&#197;	&Aring;	Capital letter A, ring
Æ	&#198;	&AElig;	Capital letter AE ligature
Ç	&#199;	&Ccedil;	Capital letter C, cedilla
È	&#200;	&Egrave;	Capital letter E, grave accent
É	&#201;	&Eacute;	Capital letter E, acute accent
Ê	&#202;	&Ecirc;	Capital letter E, circumflex
Ë	&#203;	&Euml;	Capital letter E, diæresis/umlaut
Ì	&#204;	&Igrave;	Capital letter I, grave accent
Í	&#205;	&Iacute;	Capital letter I, acute accent
Î	&#206;	&Icirc;	Capital letter I, circumflex
Ï	&#207;	&Iuml;	Capital letter I, diæresis/umlaut
Ð	&#208;	&ETH;	Capital letter Eth, Icelandic
Ñ	&#209;	&Ntilde;	Capital letter N, tilde
Ò	&#210;	&Ograve;	Capital letter O, grave accent
Ó	&#211;	&Oacute;	Capital letter O, acute accent
Ô	&#212;	&Ocirc;	Capital letter O, circumflex
Õ	&#213;	&Otilde;	Capital letter O, tilde
Ö	&#214;	&Ouml;	Capital letter O, diæresis/umlaut
×	&#215;	&times;	Multiply sign
Ø	&#216;	&Oslash;	Capital letter O, slash
Ù	&#217;	&Ugrave;	Capital letter U, grave accent
Ú	&#218;	&Uacute;	Capital letter U, acute accent
Û	&#219;	&Ucirc;	Capital letter U, circumflex
Ü	&#220;	&Uuml;	Capital letter U, diæresis/umlaut
Ý	&#221;	&Yacute;	Capital letter Y, acute accent
Þ	&#222;	&THORN;	CapitalletterThorn,Icelandic
ß	&#223;	&szlig;	Small sharp s, German sz
à	&#224;	&agrave;	Small letter a, grave accent
á	&#225;	&aacute;	Small letter a, acute accent
â	&#226;	&acirc;	Small letter a, circumflex
ã	&#227;	&atilde;	Small letter a, tilde
ä	&#228;	&auml;	Smalllettera,diæresis/umlaut
å	&#229;	&aring;	Small letter a, ring
æ	&#230;	&aelig;	Small letter ae ligature
ç	&#231;	&ccedil;	Small letter c, cedilla
è	&#232;	&egrave;	Small letter e, grave accent
é	&#233;	&eacute;	Small letter e, acute accent
ê	&#234;	&ecirc;	Small letter e, circumflex
ë	&#235;	&euml;	Smalllettere,diæresis/umlaut
ì	&#236;	&igrave;	Small letter i, grave accent
í	&#237;	&iacute;	Small letter i, acute accent
î	&#238;	&icirc;	Small letter i, circumflex
ï	&#239;	&iuml;	Smallletteri,diæresis/umlaut
ð	&#240;	&eth;	Small letter eth, Icelandic
ñ	&#241;	&ntilde;	Smalllettern,tilde
ò	&#242;	&ograve;	Small letter o, grave accent
ó	&#243;	&oacute;	Small letter o, acute accent
ô	&#244;	&ocirc;	Small letter o, circumflex
õ	&#245;	&otilde;	Small letter o, tilde
ö	&#246;	&ouml;	Small letter o, diæresis/umlaut
÷	&#247;	&divide;	Division sign
ø	&#248;	&oslash;	Small letter o, slash
ù	&#249;	&ugrave;	Small letter u, grave accent
ú	&#250;	&uacute;	Small letter u, acute accent
û	&#251;	&ucirc;	Small letter u, circumflex
ü	&#252;	&uuml;	Small letter u, diæresis/umlaut
ý	&#253;	&yacute;	Small letter y, acute accent
þ	&#254;	&thorn;	Small letter thorn, Icelandic
ÿ	&#255;	&yuml;	Smalllettery,diæresis/umlaut

Table A-2: Greek Characters

Character	Numeric Character Reference	General	Description
A	Α	Α	Greek Capital letter alpha U0391
B	Β	Β	Greek capital letter beta U0392
G	Γ	Γ	Greek capital letter gamma U0393 ISOgrk3
_	Δ	Δ	Greek capital letter delta U0394 ISOgrk3
E	Ε	Ε	Greek capital letter epsilon U0395
Z	Ζ	Ζ	Greek capital letter zeta U0396
H	Η	Η	Greek capital letter eta U0397
Q	Θ	Θ	Greek capital letter theta U0398 ISOgrk3
I	Ι	Ι	Greek capital letter iota U0399
K	Κ	Κ	Greek capital letter kappa U039A
L	Λ	Λ	Greek capital letter lambda U039B ISOgrk3
M	Μ	Μ	Greek capital letter mu U039C
N	Ν	Ν	Greek capital letter nu U039D
X	Ξ	Ξ	Greek capital letter xi U039E ISOgrk3
O	Ο	Ο	Greek capital letter omicron U039F
P	Π	Π	Greek capital letter pi U03A0 ISOgrk3
R	Ρ	Ρ	Greek capital letter rho U03A1
S	Σ	Σ	Greek capital letter sigma U03A3 ISOgrk3
T	Τ	Τ	Greek capital letter tau U03A4
U	Υ	Υ	Greek capital letter upsilon U03A5 ISOgrk3
F	Φ	Φ	Greek capital letter phi U03A6 ISOgrk3
C	Χ	Χ	Greek capital letter chi U03A7
Y	Ψ	Ψ	Greek capital letter psi U03A8 ISOgrk3
&	Ω	Ω	Greek capital letter omega U03A9 ISOgrk3
a	α	α	Greek small letter alpha U03B1 ISOgrk3
b	β	β	Greek small letter beta U03B2 ISOgrk3
g	γ	γ	Greek small letter gamma U03B3 ISOgrk3
d	δ	δ	Greek small letter delta U03B4 ISOgrk3
e	ε	ε	Greek small letter epsilon U03B5 ISOgrk3
z	ζ	ζ	Greek small letter zeta U03B6 ISOgrk3
h	η	η	Greek small letter eta U03B7 ISOgrk3
q	θ	θ	Greek small letter theta U03B8 ISOgrk3
i	ι	ι	Greek small letter iota U03B9 ISOgrk3
k	κ	κ	Greek small letter kappa U03BAISOgrk3
l	λ	λ	Greek small letter lambda U03BB ISOgrk3
m	μ	μ	Greek small letter mu U03BC ISOgrk3
n	ν	ν	Greek small letter nu U03BD ISOgrk3
x	ξ	ξ	Greek small letter xi U03BE ISOgrk3
o	ο	ο	Greek small letter omicron U03BF NEW
p	π	π	Greek small letter pi U03C0 ISOgrk3
r	ρ	ρ	Greek small letter rho U03C1 ISOgrk3
V	ς	ς	Greek small letter final sigma U03C2 ISOgrk3
s	σ	σ	Greek small letter sigma U03C3 ISOgrk3
t	τ	τ	Greek small letter tau U03C4 ISOgrk3
u	υ	υ	Greek small letter upsilon U03C5 ISOgrk3
f	φ	φ	Greek small letter phi U03C6 ISOgrk3
c	χ	χ	Greek small letter chi U03C7 ISOgrk3
y	ψ	ψ	Greek small letter psi U03C8 ISOgrk3
w	ω	ω	Greek small letter omega U03C9 ISOgrk3
	ϑ	ϑ	Greeksmallletterthetasymbol U03D1NEW
¡	ϒ	ϒ	Greek upsilonwithhooksymbol U03D2NEW
v	ϖ	ϖ	Greek pi symbol U03D6 ISOgrk3

Table A-3: Arrows

Character	Numeric Character Reference	General Entity Escape Sequence	Description
¬	←	←	Leftward arrow U2190 ISOnum
­	↑	↑	Upward arrow U2191 ISOnum
®	→	→	Rightward arrow U2192 ISOnum
¯	↓	↓	Downward arrow U2193 ISOnum
«	↔	↔	Left right arrow U2194 ISOamsa
¿	↵	↵	Downwardarrowwithcorner leftward,=carriagereturn U21B5NEW
Ü	⇐	⇐	Leftward double arrow U21D0 ISOtech
Ý	⇑	⇑	Upward double arrow U21D1 ISOamsa
Þ	⇒	⇒	Rightward double arrow U21D2 ISOtech
ß	⇓	⇓	Downward double arrow U21D3 ISOamsa
Û	⇔	⇔	Left right double arrow U21D4 ISOamsa

Table A-4: Mathematical Operators

Character	Numeric Character Reference	General Entity Escape Sequence	Description
"	∀	∀	For all U2200 ISOtech
¶	∂	∂	Partial differential U2202 ISOtech
$	∃	∃	There exists U2203 ISOtech
Æ	∅	∅	Emptyset,=nullset,=diameter U2205ISOamso
Ñ	∇	∇	Nabla, =backward difference U2207 ISOtech
Î	∈	∈	Element of U2208 ISOtech
Ï	∉	∉	Not an element of U2209 ISOtech
'	∋	∋	Contains as member U220B ISOtech
Õ	∏	∏	n-ary product, =product sign U220F ISOamsb
-	∑	−	n-ary sumation U2211 ISOamsb
-	−	−	Minus sign U2212 ISOtech
*	∗	∗	Asterisk operator U2217 ISOtech
Ö	√	√	Square root, =radical sign U221AISOtech
µ	∝	∝	Proportional to U221D ISOtech
¥	∞	∞	Infinity U221E ISOtech
Ð	∠	∠	Angle U2220 ISOamso
^	∧	⊥	Logical and, =wedge U2227 ISOtech
| -	∨	⊦	Logical or, =vee U2228 ISOtech
Ç	∩	∩	Intersection, =cap U2229 ISOtech
È	∪	∪	Union, =cup U222AISOtech
ò	∫	∫	Integral U222B ISOtech
\	∴	∴	Therefore symbol U2234 ISOtech
~	∼	∼	Tilde operator U223C ISOtech
@	≅	≅	Approximately equal to U2245 ISOtech
@	≈	≅	Almost equal to U2248 ISOamsr
¹	≠	≠	Not equal to U2260 ISOtech
º	≡	≡	Identical to U2261 ISOtech
£	≤	≤	Less than or equal to U2264 ISOtech
³	≥	≥	Greater than or equal to U2265 ISOtech
Ì	⊂	⊂	Subset of U2282 ISOtech
É	⊃	⊃	Superset of U2283 ISOtech
Ë	⊄	⊄	Not a subset of U2284 ISOamsn
Í	⊆	⊆	Subset of or equal to U2286 ISOtech
Ê	⊇	⊇	Superset of or equal to U2287 ISOtech
Å	⊕	⊕	Circled plus U2295 ISOamsb
Ä	⊗	⊗	Circled times U2297 ISOamsb
^	⊥	⊥	Up tack U22A5 ISOtech
×	⋅	⋅	Dot operator U22C5 ISOamsb

Table A-5: Miscellaneous Symbols and Characters

Character	Numeric Character Reference	General Entity Escape Sequence	Description
¦	ƒ	ƒ	Latin Small letter f with hook, =function, =florin U0192 ISOtech
·	•	•	Bullet U2022 ISOpub
¼	…	…	Horizontal ellipsis U2026 ISOpub
'	′	′	Prime U2032 ISOtech
"	″	″	Double prime U2033 ISOtech
`	‾	‾	Overline U203E NEW
/	⁄	⁄	Fraction slash U2044 NEW
Ã	℘	℘	Script capital P U2118 ISOamso
Á	ℑ	ℑ	Black letter capital I U2111 ISOamso
Â	ℜ	ℜ	Black letter capital R U211C ISOamso
ä	™	™	Trademark sign U2122 ISOnum
À	ℵ	ℵ	Alef symbol cardinal U2135 NEW